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NGC3293CXO - NGC 3293 Chandra X-Ray Point Source Catalog |
HEASARC Archive |
Overview
NGC 3293 is a young stellar cluster at the northwestern periphery of the Carina Nebula Complex that has remained poorly explored until now. The authors wanted to characterize the stellar population of NGC 3293 in order to evaluate key parameters of the cluster population like the age and the mass function, and to test claims of an abnormal initial mass function (IMF) and a deficit of <= 2.5*Msun stars. Thus, they performed a deep (71 ksec) X-ray observation of NGC 3293 with Chandra in which they detected 1026 individual X-ray point sources. These X-ray data directly probe the low-mass (M <= 2*Msun) stellar population by means of the strong X-ray emission of young low-mass stars. The authors have identified counterparts for 74% of the X-ray sources in their deep near-infrared images.These data clearly show that NGC 3293 hosts a large population of ~ 1*Msun stars, refuting claims of a lack of M <= 2.5*Msun stars. The analysis of the color-magnitude diagram suggests an age of ~8-10 Myr for the low-mass population of the cluster. There are at least 511 X-ray detected stars with color-magnitude positions that are consistent with young stellar members within 7 arcminutes from the cluster center. The number ratio of X-ray detected stars in the 1-2 solar mass range versus the M >= 5*Msun stars (known from optical spectroscopy) is well consistent with the expectation from a normal field initial mass function. Most of the early B-type stars and ~20% of the later B-type stars are detected as X-ray sources.
These data shows that NGC 3293 is one of the most populous stellar clusters in the entire Carina Nebula Complex (only excelled by Tr 14, and very similar to Tr 16 and Tr 15). The cluster has probably harbored several O-type stars, the supernova explosions of which may have had an important impact on the early evolution of the Carina Nebula Complex.
The authors used the Chandra X-ray Observatory to perform a deep pointing of the cluster NGC 3293 with the Imaging Array of the Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I). The 71-ksec observation was performed as an open time project with ObsID 16648 (PI: T. Preibisch) during Chandra Observing Cycle 15 in October 2015 (start date: 2015-10-07 T10:14:23, end date: 2015-10-08 T06:43:28). The imaging array ACIS-I provides a field of view of 17' x 17' on the sky (which corresponds to a scale of 11.3 x 11.3pc at the cluster distance of 2.3 kpc), and has a pixel size of 0.492". The aimpoint of the observation was RA(J2000) = 10h 35m 50.07s, Dec(J2000) = -58o 14' 00", which is close to the optical center of the cluster (see Fig. 1 in the reference paper). The pointing roll angle (i.e., the orientation of the detector with respect to the celestial North direction) was 140.19o. In addition to ACIS-I, one CCD detector (CCD 7 = S3) of the spectroscopic array ACIS-S was also operational during this pointing. It covers an 8.3' x 8.3' area on the sky southwest of the cluster center. While the ACIS-I chips are front-illuminated (FI), the S3 chip is back-illuminated (BI), and thus its response extends to energies below that accessible by the FI chips. This causes a substantially higher level of background in the S3 chip. Furthermore, the PSF is seriously degraded at the rather large off-axis angles of the S3 chip. These two effects led to a considerably higher detection limit for point sources in the area covered by the S3 chip compared to the region covered by the ACIS-I array. Nevertheless, the S3 data were included in the data analysis and source detection, and contributed four point sources to the total source list.
At the distance of 2.3 kpc, the expected ACIS point source sensitivity limit for a three-count detection on-axis in a 71-ks observation corresponds to a minimum X-ray luminosity of Lx ~ 1029.7 erg s-1 in the 0.5-8.0 keV energy band, assuming an extinction of AV ~ 1 mag (NH ~ 2 x 1021 cm-2) typical for the stars in the central region of NGC 3293, and a thermal plasma with kT = 1 keV (which is a typical value for young stars). Using the empirical relation between X-ray luminosity and stellar mass and the temporal evolution of X-ray luminosity from the sample of young stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster, which was very well studied in the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (Preibisch et al. 2005, ApJS, 160, 401; Preibisch & Feigelson 2005, ApJS, 160, 390), the authors expected to detect ~90% of the ~ 1*Msun stars in the central region of the young cluster NGC 3293.
The X-ray properties of the 97 B-type stars in the ACIS-I field towards the cluster (24 of which are detected as X-ray sources) are not included in this HEASARC table, but are listed in Table 3 of the reference paper, which is also reproduced below:
ESL No.* Star Name X-ray Spectral Type X-ray Luminosity (Lx) log (Lx/Lbol)
Src No. erg/s
49 B2.5 V < 4.33e+30 < -5.88
33 HDE 303073 B8 III < 7.15e+30 < -6.31
65 ALS 20075 B5 III-V < 2.12e+30 < -5.88
77 B6-7 V < 1.42e+30 < -5.91
96 ALS 20084 B6-7 III < 9.09e+29 < -5.96
87 47 B5 V 4.62e+30 -5.11
38 B2.5 V < 7.16e+29 < -6.94
68 78 B9 III 4.79e+30
72 B8 IIp < 6.87e+29
69 B5 V < 3.89e+29 < -6.47
22 HDE 303075 B0.5-1.5n < 6.22e+29 < -7.77
109 B5 V < 5.05e+29 < -6.06
93 B6-7 V < 5.16e+29 < -6.17
116 B6-7 V < 4.74e+29 < -5.88
73 B6-7 V < 3.87e+29 < -6.38
10 CPD-57 3500 395 B1 III 7.35e+29 -7.89
121 ALS 20096 B8: III < 4.84e+29
50 B3 Vn < 5.01e+29 < -6.71
2 HD 91943 418 B0.7 Ib 4.11e+30 -8.15
41 V438 Car B2.5 V < 3.94e+29 < -7.21
48 CPD-57 3505 461 B2.5 V 1.39e+30 -6.67
3 CPD-57 3506A 490 B1 III 5.37e+30 -7.63
125 B8 III-V < 8.62e+29 < -5.48
19 V405 Car 523 B1 V 6.77e+29 -7.88
34 CPD-57 3509 535 B2 IIIh 6.71e+29 -7.54
1 HD 91969 542 B0 Iab 2.78e+31 -7.52
106 565 B6-7 V 1.20e+30 -5.54
53 CPD-57 3512 B3 V < 3.61e+29 < -6.70
98 598 B8 III-V 1.31e+30 -5.65
30 CPD-57 3514 601 B2 V 1.99e+30 -6.64
123 604 B8 III 3.79e+30 -4.98
8 HD 91983 626 B1 III 1.36e+30 -7.78
32 CPD-57 3518 B0.5-B1.5 Vn < 1.20e+30 < -7.14
61 B5 V < 3.87e+29 < -6.56
5 CPD-57 3521 679 B1 III 3.45e+30 -7.61
28 CPD-57 3520 B2 V < 4.16e+29 < -7.46
113 B6-7 V < 4.09e+29 < -6.01
11 CPD-57 3526 703 B1: 2.29e+30
6 CPD-57 3526B 710 B1 III 2.29e+30 -7.73
84 B5 V < 3.99e+29 < -6.33
31 CPD-57 3528 B2 V < 1.50e+30 < -6.66
29 CPD-57 3531 B0.5-B1.5 Vn < 5.99e+29 < -7.56
59 B5 III-Vn < 8.23e+29 < -6.61
80 B5 V < 1.31e+30 < -5.98
13 HD 92024 831 B1 III 6.59e+29 -7.82
108 850 B6-7 V 3.65e+30 -5.09
95 884 B6-7 V 1.49e+30 -5.66
67 B3 V < 1.20e+30 < -6.42
97 B6-7 III < 6.34e+29 < -6.01
94 927 B5 V 4.42e+30 -5.35
85 B5 V < 1.47e+30 < -5.80
4 CPD-57 3523 697 B1 III 3.40e+30 -7.57
7 HD 92044 908 B1 III 2.20e+30 -7.94
14 CPD-57 3524A 704 B0.5 IIIn 5.46e+30 -7.27
* The ESL number is the source number of the star as given in Evans et al.
(2005, A&A, 437, 467).
Catalog Bibcode
2017A&A...605A..85PReferences
Chandra X-ray observation of the young stellar cluster NGC 3293 in the
Carina Nebula Complex.
Preibisch T., Flaischlen S., Gaczkowski B., Townsley L., Broos P.
<Astron. Astrophys. 605, A85 (2017)>
=2017A&A...605A..85P (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
Provenance
This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2017 based upon the CDS Catalog J/A+A/605/A85 files table1.dat and table2.dat.Parameters
Source_Number
A unique sequential identification number for each detected Chandra source in
this catalog.
Name
The IAU-style position-based designation of the Chandra X-Ray Source in the
field of NGC 3293, viz., CXONGC3293 JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s, as registered with
the Dictionary of Nomenclature of Celestial Objects, using the prefix
'CXONGC3293' for 'Chandra X-ray Observatory, NGC 3293' and the J2000.0 Right
Ascension and Declination truncated to 0.01 seconds of time in RA and to 0.1
arcsecond in Declination.
RA
The Right Ascension of the Chandra X-ray source in the selected equinox. This
was given in J2000.0 equatorial coordinates to a precision of 10-6 degrees
in the original table.
Dec
The Declination of the Chandra X-ray source in the selected equinox. This was
given in J2000.0 equatorial coordinates to a precision of 10-6 degrees in
the original table.
LII
The Galactic Longitude of the Chandra X-ray source.
BII
The Galactic Latitude of the Chandra X-ray source.
Error_Radius
The positional error of the Chandra source, in arcseconds.
Off_Axis
The off-axis angle in units of arcminutes, which is the separation between
the source position and the aim point of the observation (see Overview
above).
FB_Counts
The net counts for the Chandra source in the total energy band (0.5-8 keV).
FB_Counts_Error
The 1-sigma uncertainty in the net counts for the Chandra source in the total
energy band (0.5-8 keV).
FB_Bck_Counts
The background counts expected in the source extraction region.
HB_Counts
The net counts for the Chandra source in the hard energy band (2.0-8 keV).
PSF_Fraction
The fraction of the PSF (at 1.497 keV) that is enclosed within the source
extraction region.
Significance
The photometric significance of the Chandra source.
Log_FB_Prob_No_Src_Limit
This flag parameter is set to '<' if the corresponding probability is an
upper limit.
Log_FB_Prob_No_Src
The logarithm of the probability that the counts extracted from the source
region are solely from the background, otherwise known as the 'no-source'
probability. The choice of the source significance limit for the definition
of the final sample of X-ray sources is always a compromise: a strict limit
will miss true X-ray sources, whereas a more generous limit will enhance the
risk of including spurious sources into the sample. The limiting value used
here of 0.01 allows the detection of sources with just ~3 counts.
Source_Anomaly_Flags
This flag parameter, if populated, indicates the presence of source
anomalies. The values of the source anomalies flag are as follows:
g = fractional time that source was on a detector is <0.9
p = source piled up
s = source on readout streak
a = photometry and spectrum contain > 10% afterglow events
Source_Variable_Flag
This flag parameter contains a variability characterization based on the K-S
statistic calculation in AE. The values of the variability flag are as
follows (where PKS is the probability of being constant):
a = no evidence for variability (0.05 < PKS)
b = possibly variable (0.005 <PKS <0.05)
c = definitely variable (PKS <0.005)
No value is reported for sources with fewer than four counts or for sources
in chip gaps or on field edges
Median_Energy
The background-corrected median photon energy of the Chandra source, in keV.
IR_Ctrpart_Name
The J2000.0 position-based designation of the near-infrared counterpart to
the X-ray source from either the VISTA (Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope
for Astronomy) Carina Nebula Survey (VCNS) Source Catalog (Preibisch et al.
2014, A&A, 572, A116) or the 2MASS Catalog (CDS Cat. B/2mass).
VPHAS_Ctrpart_Name
The J2000.0 position-based designation of the optical counterpart to the
X-ray source from either the VST Photometric H-Alpha Survey of the Southern
Galactic Plane and Bulge (VPHAS+) Data Release 2 (DR2) Point Source Catalog
or from the VLT (Very Large Telescope) Survey Telescope (VST) images that
were taken as part of the VPHAS+ survey (Drew et al. 2014, MNRAS, 440, 2036,
CDS Cat. II/341).
VPHAS_Source_ID
The optical counterpart identifier in the VST VPHAS-DR2 Point Source Catalog.
Contact Person
Questions regarding the NGC3293CXO database table can be addressed to the HEASARC Help Desk.Page Author: Browse Software Development Team
Last Modified: Monday, 16-Sep-2024 17:31:59 EDT
- HEASARC Director: Dr. Andy Ptak
- NASA Official: Dr. Andy Ptak
- Web Curator: J.D. Myers
- Last Modified: 16-Sep-2024